Artificial Intelligence in the Age of Aquarius

Printed in the  Winter 2026  issue of Quest magazine. 
Citation: Grasse, Ray  "Artificial Intelligence in the Age of Aquarius"   Quest 114:1, pg 19-22

By Ray Grasse 

Though a critical and box office failure on its release in 1927, Fritz Lang’s movie Metropolis has since come to be regarded as not only technically groundbreaking but prophetic in some ways. In addition to its depiction of a future society split by enormous class divisions, its story involves a robot, created by a mad scientist, that’s given the features of a beautiful woman, and which is used to manipulate the working masses toward destructive ends. It’s an early film depiction of artificial intelligence, or AI, and one that’s all the more striking because of the future time frame in which its story is set: the mid-2020s. In other words, right now!

Since that time, the subject of AI has become nearly omnipresent in cinema, television, and literature, leading many to muse over both the perils and promises of this rapidly evolving technology. As it so happened, when Richard Smoley told me the theme of this issue of Quest would be “Intelligence: Human and Artificial,” I had just watched Lang’s film yet again several nights before and was struck by how timely that film has now become.

Is humanity on the verge of a profound change as a result of AI? It certainly seems that way. Our lives have been changed in virtually every respect by computers, which now infuse every part of our lives—ATMs, credit cards, movies, the Internet, YouTube videos, our smart phones, cars, appliances, and so on. One way or another, these are all made possible by computers—that is, artificial intelligence.

But all this raises another, very different question: why is this happening right now? In other words, is the timing of this development simply a matter of chance, the result of blind historical forces—or there something deeper and more esoteric responsible?

I’d like to approach this question from a perspective I’m personally familiar with: astrology. In that spirit, I’d like to suggest that we might draw some useful insights from a doctrine known as the “Great Ages,” a broad perspective that suggests that roughly every 2,100 years, there is a seismic shift in the archetypal dynamics of history and of human psychology. According to this doctrine, we’re said to be moving from the Age of Pisces to the Age of Aquarius. While the exact timing of this changeover is debated, it’s safe to say there is considerable overlap involved in any such transition, and that we now find ourselves straddling the divide between two great epochs. While it’s beyond the scope of this short piece to explain all the astronomical and astrological dynamics involved in this process (for that, I’d refer readers to my book Signs of the Times), even a basic overview of some essential principles can help shed some important light on the extraordinary changes taking place in our world.

From the Era of Water to an Era of Air

To a great extent, the deeper significance of any astrological age can be understood by looking at the underlying “element” it represents, since each element symbolizes a particular mode of consciousness. There are four of these in all—earth, water, fire, and aireach of which is repeated three times throughout the zodiac.

For the last two millennia, we have been under the influence of the “watery” Age of Pisces. Simply put, humanity has been perceiving both the world and itself largely through the lens of emotion, and alongside that, feeling-based beliefs. The Piscean influence has been neither all good nor all bad. Destructively, it’s resulted in an era characterized by dogma, persecution, self-abnegation, and an ethos of escapism to a heavenly realm beyond this one. In its more constructive side, that same watery emphasis has ushered in a newfound dimension of soul, an awakening of conscience, and an era of profound artistic creativity.          

In contrast, the emerging epoch of Aquarius is ushering in a phase governed by the element of air—a far more mental mode, concerned with thinking and communication. This suggests that the emerging Great Age will be one where the mind and information, rather than emotion and interiority, reign supreme. Terms like the “information superhighway” and the “information revolution” are two examples of that emerging shift, while the modern separation of church and state is yet another, as our rational minds begin disengaging from the more dogmatic and emotional concerns of the old order.

Whereas the previous Great Age witnessed great sea explorations, the emerging Aquarian era is already associated with a startling rise in aviation technologies and space travel, as humans quite literally learn to master the air realm. The media also employs distinctly Aquarian metaphors reflecting this elemental shift when it says that a show goes “on the air,” or when a broadcaster “takes to the airwaves.” 

The Three Faces of Air

Critical toward understanding the deeper significance of Aquarius is realizing that there are actually three different air signs: Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius. This relates to the fact that the principle of mind expresses itself through three distinctly different—and increasingly broad—contexts.

Gemini, the first of the three air signs, relates to the principle of mind in its most personal and common form, such as one might employ when talking to friends, family members, or neighbors, or when calculating an equation like 2 x 3 = 6.

Libra’s focus is somewhat broader, and more concerned with the interpersonal mind, as when a teacher or lecturer speaks before a class or audience. It’s still “mind,” but of a more interactional nature.

Aquarius represents the broadest and most collective form of mind: mentality and intelligence applied to large-scale social interactions and universal truths and principles. Some simple examples of Aquarian disciplines would include such areas as science, sociology, technology, or engineering.

Take science, for instance. Properly understood, science isn’t just about one person’s opinions or subjective emotional beliefs, but about ideas that can be confirmed by colleagues and peers and thus have more objective value. Similarly, technologies like television, smartphones, and computers result from the pooled efforts and thoughts of many thousands—perhaps even millions—of individuals. While many different religions or denominations debate the nature of God or heaven, as occurred in the Piscean Age, there is comparatively broad agreement amongst scientists around the world as to how electrons, gravity, rocket engines, or computers operate. Our ideas around such things are all a result of the Aquarian collective mind.

Grasping the Big Picture

In short, the rise of computers and AI can be seen as mirroring a tectonic shift in humanity’s evolution, a shift astrologers refer to as the Age of Aquarius and what psychologists like Carl Jung might describe as the rise of the “mental function.” This cultural transformation holds extraordinary potential to change our lives in dramatic ways, but it’s important to understand both the constructive and destructive possibilities of that shift.

At its most positive, it’s likely that we’ll continue to witness an extraordinary expansion of our mental horizons, in part through developments like space travel, the Hubble Telescope, genetic technologies, archaeology, neuroscience, cinema, television, and of course AI systems like ChatGPT and GROK—all funneled through the technology of the Internet, which has virtually become the exoskeleton of the new collective mind. As a result of these developments, the average high-school kid now has access to information about the world that even Copernicus and Aristotle couldn’t have imagined. It’s an extraordinary democratization of knowledge.

In turn, this wave of collective intelligence and pooled knowledge is making possible forms of mental creativity that didn’t really exist previously. As one way to frame this, we might think of the way each historical epoch has ushered in its own unique brand of “genius”: in the Age of Taurus, an earth sign (c.4000‒c.2000 BC),  we saw extraordinary achievements in stone that still mystify experts, exemplified by the monuments and sculptures of ancient Egypt. The Age of Aries (c.2000‒c.1 BC), a fire sign and associated primarily with will, saw great military geniuses like Alexander the Great and the first Chinese emperor, Qin Shi Huang. The Age of Pisces (c.1‒c.2000 AD) saw the birth of great mystical geniuses like Meister Eckhart, Zen master Dogen, and Hildegard of Bingen as well as creative geniuses like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Bach.

I’d suggest that the Aquarian Age will likely see the emergence of innovative or scientific geniuses in the spirit of Einstein, Thomas Edison, and Nikola Tesla. On a more philosophical level, it’s giving rise to synthesizing thinkers like Joseph Campbell, Carl Jung, and Jean Gebser, who focused their attention less on the beliefs or ideas of any single religion than on the deeper principles and mythic archetypes underlying all of them. We see a similar Aquarian-style focus, incidentally, with groups like the Theosophical Society, the Unitarians, and Baha’i, all of which likewise advocate a more synthesizing and nondenominational approach to spirituality and religion.

The shared knowledge made possible through modern telecommunications and AI has expanded research possibilities exponentially, but it’s even possible we’ll witness a quantum leap in our mental abilities through such factors as genetic augmentation or machine/mind interfaces that upload knowledge or skills directly into our brains, as in The Matrix. (“Whoa,” as Neo, the hero, famously said in the original 1999 film, “I know kung fu!”) 

The Dark Side

To no one’s surprise, these developments also pose considerable dangers that are both psychological and existential in nature.

The most obvious of those has been treated countless times in science fiction films and books in which computers and AI are shown overtaking and outsmarting their human progenitors—the proverbial “rise of the machines” scenario exemplified in James Cameron’s Terminator films or Stanley Kubrick’s depiction of the computer HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey. (Incidentally, try moving each of the letters in “HAL” up one step in the alphabet and see what you get.)

Alongside this is the potential threat posed by nefarious human interests who would use AI to control the masses, as in our opening example of the robot in Metropolis. Indeed, the fact that the movie’s robot is made to look beautiful and alluring in order to manipulate those toiling masses offers an interesting analogy to our own predicament. We have willingly given ourselves over to technologies not only for the conveniences they provide but for their tangible beauty, from the allure of big-screen TVs to the sleek design of today’s cars, buildings, and smartphones. It may be that, like those suffering workers in Metropolis, we’ve succumbed to a form of technological Stockholm syndrome, where we have willingly given ourselves over to our AI “captors.”

Yet there is a more symbolic way to understand such developments: to interpret the potential dangers posed by these technologies as symbolizing the danger of being “overthrown” by certain states of mind.

What do I mean by that? Here’s an analogy. One of the classic mythic symbols of earlier times was that of a brave hero-figure doing battle against a fearsome dragon. Animals are clearly more of a symbol of instincts and emotions, which speaks to the fact that the initiatory challenge of the past was largely that of mastering our fears and emotions in order to simply survive. Today, however, we now see stories of humans doing battle against computers, like the astronaut Bowman contending with the AI personality of HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey; or Neo fighting the various AI “agents” in The Matrix.

To my mind, that speaks to the fact that the “dragon” humanity now faces (especially now that basic survival needs have been met for most of the world’s population) is a far more mental one, involving the challenge of not letting a life of the mind eclipse the integrity and needs of the soul. That potential danger is aggravated not only by our world’s increasing reliance on science, data, and pure business, but in even more omnipresent (and subversive) ways, through the simple reality of citizens glued to their cellphones—swiping, swiping, swiping. What becomes of the soul when the entire world becomes filtered through these tiny mechanical screens?

What is the solution to these potential problems? How shall we tame the high-tech dragon of an overly mental and mechanical existence? It doesn’t necessarily mean renouncing AI and all of our technological conveniences altogether, I’d say, so much as taking care not to let these things completely dominate and control our lives. That may simply mean reducing our reliance on machines and time spent on computers, cellphones, and television, and spending more time in nature or in communion with other humans (as well as animals).

I think we can draw another important clue from Kubrick’s 2001. How did the astronaut ultimately overcome the threat posed by AI and the computer HAL? Essentially, it was by climbing inside and deprogramming it, bit by bit—or byte by byte, as it were. In much the same way, one approach to dealing with the potential tyranny of the hyperrational mind is by “unplugging” it—periodically taking time to reflect, meditate, and just sit in silence. By stopping the world, the world and its enticements can begin to loosen their grip, and we can start to reconnect with the life and needs of the soul. In that way, the otherwise fearsome dragon of the rational mind becomes an ally rather than an existential threat. One might even then begin solving that other great challenge posed by the emerging age: grasping the profound difference between knowledge and wisdom.

Ray Grasse is an astrologer and writer who worked on the editorial staff of Quest magazine and Quest Books throughout the 1990s. He is author of ten books, most recently In the Company of Gods: The Further Teachings of Shelly Trimmer (reviewed in Quest, fall 2025). His website is www.raygrasse.com.

Artificial Intelligence in the Age of Aquarius

Ray Grasse

 

Though a critical and box office failure on its release in 1927, Fritz Lang’s movie Metropolis has since come to be regarded as not only technically groundbreaking but prophetic in some ways. In addition to its depiction of a future society split by enormous class divisions, its story involves a robot, created by a mad scientist, that’s given the features of a beautiful woman, and which is used to manipulate the working masses toward destructive ends. It’s an early film depiction of artificial intelligence, or AI, and one that’s all the more striking because of the future time frame in which its story is set: the mid-2020s. In other words, right now!

Since that time, the subject of AI has become nearly omnipresent in cinema, television, and literature, leading many to muse over both the perils and promises of this rapidly evolving technology. As it so happened, when Richard Smoley told me the theme of this issue of Quest would be “Intelligence: Human and Artificial,” I had just watched Lang’s film yet again several nights before and was struck by how timely that film has now become.

            Is humanity on the verge of a profound change as a result of AI? It certainly seems that way. Our lives have been changed in virtually every respect by computers, which now infuse every part of our lives—ATMs, credit cards, movies, the Internet, YouTube videos, our smart phones, cars, appliances, and so on. One way or another, these are all made possible by computers—that is, artificial intelligence.

            But all this raises another, very different question: why is this happening right now? In other words, is the timing of this development simply a matter of chance, the result of blind historical forces—or there something deeper and more esoteric responsible?

            I’d like to approach this question from a perspective I’m personally familiar with: astrology. In that spirit, I’d like to suggest that we might draw some useful insights from a doctrine known as the “Great Ages,” a broad perspective that suggests that roughly every 2,100 years, there is a seismic shift in the archetypal dynamics of history and of human psychology. According to this doctrine, we’re said to be moving from the Age of Pisces to the Age of Aquarius. While the exact timing of this changeover is debated, it’s safe to say there is considerable overlap involved in any such transition, and that we now find ourselves straddling the divide between two great epochs. While it’s beyond the scope of this short piece to explain all the astronomical and astrological dynamics involved in this process (for that, I’d refer readers to my book Signs of the Times), even a basic overview of some essential principles can help shed some important light on the extraordinary changes taking place in our world.

<A>From the Era of Water to an Era of Air</A>

To a great extent, the deeper significance of any astrological age can be understood by looking at the underlying “element” it represents, since each element symbolizes a particular mode of consciousness. There are four of these in all—earth, water, fire, and aireach of which is repeated three times throughout the zodiac.

            For the last two millennia, we have been under the influence of the “watery” Age of Pisces. Simply put, humanity has been perceiving both the world and itself largely through the lens of emotion, and alongside that, feeling-based beliefs. The Piscean influence has been neither all good nor all bad. Destructively, it’s resulted in an era characterized by dogma, persecution, self-abnegation, and an ethos of escapism to a heavenly realm beyond this one. In its more constructive side, that same watery emphasis has ushered in a newfound dimension of soul, an awakening of conscience, and an era of profound artistic creativity.

          

In contrast, the emerging epoch of Aquarius is ushering in a phase governed by the element of air—a far more mental mode, concerned with thinking and communication. This suggests that the emerging Great Age will be one where the mind and information, rather than emotion and interiority, reign supreme. Terms like the “information superhighway” and the “information revolution” are two examples of that emerging shift, while the modern separation of church and state is yet another, as our rational minds begin disengaging from the more dogmatic and emotional concerns of the old order.

Whereas the previous Great Age witnessed great sea explorations, the emerging Aquarian era is already associated with a startling rise in aviation technologies and space travel, as humans quite literally learn to master the air realm. The media also employs distinctly Aquarian metaphors reflecting this elemental shift when it says that a show goes “on the air,” or when a broadcaster “takes to the airwaves.”

 

<A>The Three Faces of Air</A>

Critical toward understanding the deeper significance of Aquarius is realizing that there are actually three different air signs: Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius. This relates to the fact that the principle of mind expresses itself through three distinctly different—and increasingly broad—contexts.

Gemini, the first of the three air signs, relates to the principle of mind in its most personal and common form, such as one might employ when talking to friends, family members, or neighbors, or when calculating an equation like 2 x 3 = 6.

Libra’s focus is somewhat broader, and more concerned with the interpersonal mind, as when a teacher or lecturer speaks before a class or audience. It’s still “mind,” but of a more interactional nature.

Aquarius represents the broadest and most collective form of mind: mentality and intelligence applied to large-scale social interactions and universal truths and principles. Some simple examples of Aquarian disciplines would include such areas as science, sociology, technology, or engineering.

Take science, for instance. Properly understood, science isn’t just about one person’s opinions or subjective emotional beliefs, but about ideas that can be confirmed by colleagues and peers and thus have more objective value. Similarly, technologies like television, smartphones, and computers result from the pooled efforts and thoughts of many thousands—perhaps even millions—of individuals. While many different religions or denominations debate the nature of God or heaven, as occurred in the Piscean Age, there is comparatively broad agreement amongst scientists around the world as to how electrons, gravity, rocket engines, or computers operate. Our ideas around such things are all a result of the Aquarian collective mind.

<A>Grasping the Big Picture</A>

In short, the rise of computers and AI can be seen as mirroring a tectonic shift in humanity’s evolution, a shift astrologers refer to as the Age of Aquarius and what psychologists like Carl Jung might describe as the rise of the “mental function.” This cultural transformation holds extraordinary potential to change our lives in dramatic ways, but it’s important to understand both the constructive and destructive possibilities of that shift.

At its most positive, it’s likely that we’ll continue to witness an extraordinary expansion of our mental horizons, in part through developments like space travel, the Hubble Telescope, genetic technologies, archaeology, neuroscience, cinema, television, and of course AI systems like ChatGPT and GROK—all funneled through the technology of the Internet, which has virtually become the exoskeleton of the new collective mind. As a result of these developments, the average high-school kid now has access to information about the world that even Copernicus and Aristotle couldn’t have imagined. It’s an extraordinary democratization of knowledge.

In turn, this wave of collective intelligence and pooled knowledge is making possible forms of mental creativity that didn’t really exist previously. As one way to frame this, we might think of the way each historical epoch has ushered in its own unique brand of “genius”: in the Age of Taurus, an earth sign (c.4000‒c.2000 BC),  we saw extraordinary achievements in stone that still mystify experts, exemplified by the monuments and sculptures of ancient Egypt. The Age of Aries (c.2000‒c.1 BC), a fire sign and associated primarily with will, saw great military geniuses like Alexander the Great and the first Chinese emperor, Qin Shi Huang. The Age of Pisces (c.1‒c.2000 AD) saw the birth of great mystical geniuses like Meister Eckhart, Zen master Dogen, and Hildegard of Bingen as well as creative geniuses like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Bach.

I’d suggest that the Aquarian Age will likely see the emergence of innovative or scientific geniuses in the spirit of Einstein, Thomas Edison, and Nikola Tesla. On a more philosophical level, it’s giving rise to synthesizing thinkers like Joseph Campbell, Carl Jung, and Jean Gebser, who focused their attention less on the beliefs or ideas of any single religion than on the deeper principles and mythic archetypes underlying all of them. We see a similar Aquarian-style focus, incidentally, with groups like the Theosophical Society, the Unitarians, and Baha’i, all of which likewise advocate a more synthesizing and nondenominational approach to spirituality and religion.

The shared knowledge made possible through modern telecommunications and AI has expanded research possibilities exponentially, but it’s even possible we’ll witness a quantum leap in our mental abilities through such factors as genetic augmentation or machine/mind interfaces that upload knowledge or skills directly into our brains, as in The Matrix. (“Whoa,” as Neo, the hero, famously said in the original 1999 film, “I know kung fu!”)

 

<A>The Dark Side</A>

To no one’s surprise, these developments also pose considerable dangers that are both psychological and existential in nature.

The most obvious of those has been treated countless times in science fiction films and books in which computers and AI are shown overtaking and outsmarting their human progenitors—the proverbial “rise of the machines” scenario exemplified in James Cameron’s Terminator films or Stanley Kubrick’s depiction of the computer HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey. (Incidentally, try moving each of the letters in “HAL” up one step in the alphabet and see what you get.)

Alongside this is the potential threat posed by nefarious human interests who would use AI to control the masses, as in our opening example of the robot in Metropolis. Indeed, the fact that the movie’s robot is made to look beautiful and alluring in order to manipulate those toiling masses offers an interesting analogy to our own predicament. We have willingly given ourselves over to technologies not only for the conveniences they provide but for their tangible beauty, from the allure of big-screen TVs to the sleek design of today’s cars, buildings, and smartphones. It may be that, like those suffering workers in Metropolis, we’ve succumbed to a form of technological Stockholm syndrome, where we have willingly given ourselves over to our AI “captors.”

Yet there is a more symbolic way to understand such developments: to interpret the potential dangers posed by these technologies as symbolizing the danger of being “overthrown” by certain states of mind.

What do I mean by that? Here’s an analogy. One of the classic mythic symbols of earlier times was that of a brave hero-figure doing battle against a fearsome dragon. Animals are clearly more of a symbol of instincts and emotions, which speaks to the fact that the initiatory challenge of the past was largely that of mastering our fears and emotions in order to simply survive. Today, however, we now see stories of humans doing battle against computers, like the astronaut Bowman contending with the AI personality of HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey; or Neo fighting the various AI “agents” in The Matrix.

To my mind, that speaks to the fact that the “dragon” humanity now faces (especially now that basic survival needs have been met for most of the world’s population) is a far more mental one, involving the challenge of not letting a life of the mind eclipse the integrity and needs of the soul. That potential danger is aggravated not only by our world’s increasing reliance on science, data, and pure business, but in even more omnipresent (and subversive) ways, through the simple reality of citizens glued to their cellphones—swiping, swiping, swiping. What becomes of the soul when the entire world becomes filtered through these tiny mechanical screens?

What is the solution to these potential problems? How shall we tame the high-tech dragon of an overly mental and mechanical existence? It doesn’t necessarily mean renouncing AI and all of our technological conveniences altogether, I’d say, so much as taking care not to let these things completely dominate and control our lives. That may simply mean reducing our reliance on machines and time spent on computers, cellphones, and television, and spending more time in nature or in communion with other humans (as well as animals).

I think we can draw another important clue from Kubrick’s 2001. How did the astronaut ultimately overcome the threat posed by AI and the computer HAL? Essentially, it was by climbing inside and deprogramming it, bit by bit—or byte by byte, as it were. In much the same way, one approach to dealing with the potential tyranny of the hyperrational mind is by “unplugging” it—periodically taking time to reflect, meditate, and just sit in silence. By stopping the world, the world and its enticements can begin to loosen their grip, and we can start to reconnect with the life and needs of the soul. In that way, the otherwise fearsome dragon of the rational mind becomes an ally rather than an existential threat. One might even then begin solving that other great challenge posed by the emerging age: grasping the profound difference between knowledge and wisdom.

Ray Grasse is an astrologer and writer who worked on the editorial staff of Quest magazine and Quest Books throughout the 1990s. He is author of ten books, most recently In the Company of Gods: The Further Teachings of Shelly Trimmer (reviewed in Quest, fall 2025). His website is www.raygrasse.com.


The Spectrum of Consciousness: An Interview with Ken Wilber

Printed in the  Winter 2026  issue of Quest magazine. 
Citation: Smoley, Richard   "The Spectrum of Consciousness: An Interview with Ken Wilber"   Quest 114:1, pg 12-18

By Richard Smoley

Ken Wilber is one of the most dynamic and respected thinkers of recent generations. His numerous books include The Spectrum of Consciousness; Up from Eden: A Transpersonal View of Human Evolution; The Atman Project: A Transpersonal View of Human Development; Sex, Ecology, and Spirituality: The Spirit of Evolution; and, most recently, Finding Radical Wholeness: The Integral Path to Unity, Growth, and Delight.

            One of the central themes of Wilber’s works is the evolution of consciousness from the most basic atomic particles all the way up to the human level and beyond. Influenced by figures such as the Swiss philosopher Jean Gebser, he relates the various stages of human history to different levels of development in human consciousness. Wilber also makes use of the Spiral Dynamics system developed by psychologist Clare Graves (see diagram), with his own modifications.

            In this interview, conducted by Zoom in June 2025, Wilber discusses these ideas and their relation to the present day.

Richard Smoley: I’’ll start with one concept that seems to be central to your philosophy, which is the evolution of consciousness. The idea is not only that consciousness has evolved from, say, the days of the paramecium, but it has also evolved in historical times over recent centuries. Could you talk about your views on that point?

Wilber: Sure. There’s a fairly widespread school of philosophy in the West called panpsychism, and panpsychism maintains that what we call the psyche, or the mind, is pan-, or present everywhere. That means that atoms have a bit of mental capacity. Molecules have a bit of mental capacity. Single-celled organisms have a mental capacity. Multicellular organisms have a mental capacity, and all the way up the tree of life from fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, to humans, which have the highest reach of mental capacity.

Let me say something about what I mean by mental capacity, because I don’t like the term panpsychism. The reason is that psyche is too complex a term for the type of mind that a proton or a neutron or an atom has. I much prefer Alfred North Whitehead’s term: prehension, because prehension just means touching or feeling, and that touching is the type of mentality that an atom has: an atom touches other atoms, and those atoms together make up molecules, and molecules touch other molecules.

When a bunch of molecules come together, they form single-celled organisms, and those single-celled organisms touch other single-celled organisms to form multicellular organisms, and those go all the way up the tree of life, from fish to amphibians, to reptiles, to mammals, to humans.

Their mentality also goes through a variety of stages of development; this was discovered by America’s second greatest psychologist, James Mark Baldwin (America’s greatest psychologist, is, of course, William James). He wrote a book called Thoughts and Things. Baldwin invented developmental psychology, which is the study of the stages of mental growth (or of prehensive growth) that humans went through. He took the fairly common Western philosophical tradition, focusing on so-called goodness, truth, and beauty, and found that each of them went through a series of stages of unfolding or development. He named those stages things like prelogical, logical, translogical, and integral.

The good, the true, and the beautiful. The good involved the stages of moral development: how we treat each other with goodness and care and concern and morality. He took truth to mean scientific, objective truth. And then the beautiful, which was beauty in the eye of the beholder, or of the pronoun I.

To these three he added religion, because he noticed that religious belief also went through the same stages of development. So that gave us four different lines of development. Baldwin actually discovered around seven or eight total levels of development.

That was the beginning of developmental psychology. By the 1950s these stages of development had become fairly well known among the psychological community, and there was an outburst of many different models. Psychologists came to realize that there are around a dozen or so different types of intelligence: cognitive intelligence; moral intelligence; ego development, or ego intelligence; spatial; mathematical; musical; and so on.

Each psychologist, unknowingly, singled out a particular multiple intelligence and studied the growth of that intelligence. Abraham Maslow chose a needs hierarchy of development. Jean Piaget chose a cognitive line of development. Lawrence Kohlberg chose a moral line of development. Jane Loevinger studied ego development. Each major researcher selected a particular type of intelligence, studied the stages of growth that it went through, and found that everybody went through these stages. If they continued to grow and develop, they went through all eight or so major levels.

These psychologists were all describing the same basic levels. But because each of them was dealing with a different line of development, each gave these levels different names. Piaget gave cognitive names to his stages: sensory-motor intelligence; preoperational intelligence; concrete operational intelligence; formal operational intelligence; and systemic or integral intelligence. Kohlberg named them according to the stages of moral development: preconventional, conventional, postconventional, and systemic.

Eventually they realized all of them were dealing with the same basic levels, even though they each gave them different names. That became the first full-fledged developmental model of consciousness.

Jean Gebser argued that each of these levels unfolded at a different time in human history. He gave names to these stages: archaic, magic, mythic, rational, pluralistic, and integral.

The earliest, which he called the archaic stage, was our basic transition from the great apes into Homo sapiens, which started around 400,000 years ago. That went to the so-called preoperational stage. This was a kind of magic belief, because the mind had not yet fully differentiated from that which it was aware of. As it started to invent symbols and words and an alphabet, it wrote, say, the word tree. That was called the signifier. The signified is what came to your mind when you read the signifier. Whenever you word the word tree, you form an image of a real tree in your mind. The actual referent of the signifier tree is the real tree. But because the mind had not yet fully differentiated the symbol tree from the real referent, or the real tree, it couldn’t distinguish between operating on the signifier and operating on the real tree. So if it changed the signifier, or the word tree, they felt that it magically changed the real tree. That was just one of the very earliest predifferentiated stages of development. It was called magic: if you change the signifier, you magically changed the referent, because they weren’t clearly differentiated.

Then, in the mythic stage, human beings learned to differentiate the signifier from the referent. This began to happen around 50,000 years ago. But they didn’t get rid of magic. They just themselves could no longer perform magic, because they had fully differentiated the signifier from the referent. Instead, they transferred the capacity for magic to a whole host of heavenly gods, goddesses, divine nature, spirits, and so on. If we prayed to those heavenly beings with a great deal of sincerity and belief, we could ask them to perform magic on our behalf. We would often pray for them to make crops grow. In today’s world, we’d pray to them to get a new car, or a girlfriend or boyfriend. If we prayed with a great deal of sincerity, they would magically get us the car, the new house, or the pay raise, or whatever we wanted.

Then, as we moved into the Common Era, around the time of Christ, we moved into concrete operational thinking, which Piaget defined as thought operating on the real world. An example of concrete operational thinking would be: I go in the garage, I get my bike, I pull it down from the wall, I get on it, I put my feet on the pedals, and I start pedaling. All of these are concrete operational behaviors because they’re me concretely operating on the world. My thought is operating on concrete items.

By the time we reached the Western Renaissance and Enlightenment, formal operational cognition started to emerge: we started using things like logic or mathematics, which is thought operating on thought, not just on the concrete world. Thought operating on thought gave us rationality, logic, and mathematics.

The next stage is one that I call green. Here it is noticed that rationality forms single, universal, holistic systems. There isn’t Protestant chemistry versus Hindu chemistry versus Buddhist chemistry: there’s just chemistry. It’s a single, unified science, and it applies to everywhere on the planet and to every human being on the planet. So it forms single, unified systems of thinking.

That’s what rationality does, and that’s what science does. So we have multiple sciences: chemistry, biology, physics, psychology, sociology. Each of those are separate individual items. But they apply to the single universal system. There’s only one basic chemistry, only one basic biology, only one basic psychology, and so on.

Then the next stage starts to notice: “Wait a minute. There are all sorts of different cultures around the world. There’s French culture, German culture, Chinese culture, American culture, and so on. And each of those have separate but important truths.” We call that multiculturalism. That was discovered roughly in the 1950s and ’60s.

We call that multiculturalism or pluralism, or more commonly postmodernism, because it came after modernism, which was formed by rationality and which recognized just a single universal system for each individual science. Multiculturalism recognized a multiplicity of separate truths, each referring to a different multicultural system.

But those green systems could not unify all those multicultural systems. So we just had a plethora of multicultural truths and no way to bring them together. Then came what Clare Graves called “the monumental leap to second tier.” That was when we began to create paradigms out of integrated systems of thinking, which would usually unite two or three separate, individual sciences into a single unit, for example uniting biology and chemistry into biochemistry.

This was often called crossparadigmatic: when they brought together these separate individual multicultural truths. That’s why Claire Grace referred to this stage as a “monumental leap,” because none of the previous stages could unite various paradigms into crossparadigmatic unities. That’s what the integral stages did. So we divide those into teal and turquoise stages, or paradigmatic and crossparadigmatic.

About 5‒7 percent of the population reach the teal or paradigmatic stages, which isn’t very much. But the percentage that reached turquoise—the cross-paradigmatic stage—was significantly less: 0.5 percent. So a very small percent of the population reached turquoise levels. But it was a real stage of development. It was available to everybody who kept growing up to the cross-paradigmatic stage.

That gives us a full history of prehension, which started from the lowest—quarks, protons, neutrons—and continued into atoms and molecules, into single-celled organisms into multicellular organisms, into fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and human beings. Human beings in turn developed through the archaic to magic to the mythic to the rational to pluralistic to integral stages of development. That gave us our entire spectrum of consciousness, of the stages of development that our consciousness went through. That’s the story of our historical unfolding of consciousness.

Smoley: Thank you. That’s very comprehensive. You would seem to be saying that these stages represent a cumulative growth.

Wilber: Right.

Smoley: The contrasting perspective, which is represented by a fair number of thinkers, including Gurdjieff and René Guénon, point to the fact that we may have lost as much as we have gained cognitively. For example, Bushmen could perceive things that Laurens van der Post couldn’t, as he writes in his books. Max Weber spoke of “the disenchantment of the world.” There’s a sense of loss, which may be a cognitive loss as well as an emotional loss. How would you respond to a claim like that?

Wilber: That is a fundamental confusion that all retro-romantic thinkers make. The confusion is very easy to understand, because in the first year or so of life, the brain-mind has not yet differentiated itself from the referent. So it comes up with all sorts of symbols, all sorts of words, but those words are not yet differentiated from the thing they represent. The word tree is not differentiated from a real tree, so it appears that there’s a unity in consciousness—and there is. But it’s a prerational unity. It’s not a fully developed mystical unity. If we use the Christian version of the great chain of being, it goes from matter to body—body meaning real, living organisms—to mind, to soul, to spirit.

When you reach the spirit stage and have a unity experience, it’s a unity with all five of those levels: matter, body, mind, soul, and spirit. But that’s not the type of unity that a newborn has. A newborn is one with the material environment, from which it has not yet differentiated itself. That’s not a very high type of unity: it’s not a unity with matter and body and mind and soul and spirit. But if you have a Zen Buddhist satori, a mystical experience from the highest level, it is a unity with all five of those stages of development. If you include models that give eight or even ten stages of development, it’s a unity with all of those stages.

When developmentalists were studying that first, earliest, or archaic stage, they naturally found that the infant could not differentiate itself from the material environment. Being sort of materialistic at heart, the developmentalists looked at that as an absolute unity with the entire universe. But it wasn’t. It was only one with the lowest level of the entire universe, which is a terrifyingly narrow and small type of unity: it’s not a full, complete unity. But the retro-romantics all confuse this ultimate unity with the infantile unity. I myself did this at the very first stage of my own understanding: I felt a unity with the entire world.

But as we grew up and developed into body, mind, soul, and spirit, we’re cutting off our unity with the entire universe. We arren’t: we’re actually growing from the matter to the body stage, and from the body to the mind stage.

At the mental stage the ego starts to emerge, and we get a separation of ego from body and matter. As soon as retro-romantics see the emergence of the ego, they say, “That’s a loss of our profound unity.” They all make that confusion, and that’s why I call it retro-romantic, because it’s a retrogression. It’s not a high level of unity: it doesn’t even get to soul or spirit.

We call them retro-romantics because they have a romantic vision that sees the earlier stage of unity with the material world as a unity with the entire universe. It’s nothing like that at all. It’s a unity with the lowest level of the entire universe.

If you just become one with the material level, you’ve clearly gone backwards from matter, body, mind, soul, or spirit, and you’re just identifying with material level. That’s obviously a regression. You’ve gone back down to the lowest level of the entire universe, which is simple matter. You’re not even at the level of body or mind or soul or spirit.

The people that make the kind of statements that you just summarized are all retro-romantic thinkers, because they all make that same mistake: they think, “I’m going to go back to the unity I had when I was an infant.” No, you’re not. That would be horrifying. If you actually regress back to the material level, you wouldn’t be one with body, mind, soul, or spirit. What kind of unity is that? That’s just a unity with the very lowest level of the material universe, which is nothing to be proud of.

Smoley: Thank you. That’s very enlightening. The model you just presented is one of increased unification and integration of consciousness. How do you relate this to the reality of the present-day world, where there’s an enormous sense of increasing fragmentation and isolation?

Wilber: As you move up this great chain of being, as you go from matter to body to mind to soul to spirit, (or to use Jean Gebser’s six stages, archaic to magic, to mythic, to rational, to pluralistic, to integral), something can go wrong at each of those stages.

You can move from matter to body. When the body level starts to emerge and we begin to identify with our feelings, emotions, and separate ego, that is what Gebser called “magic.” Again, because we haven’t yet fully differentiated the mind from what it’s thinking about, we think that to change the word, or the signifier, is to change the actual referent, or what the word represents. That’s just not true. It happens in a magical cognition, a magical imagination, but that’s magic that’s not real.

Then we move from magic to the mental and develop a fully mental, rational stage of development. Something can go wrong at that stage. When that happens, we don’t transcend and include the previous stage, which is healthy development: all healthy development transcends and includes the previous stage. You can overdevelop mind, or you can repress the previous stages of development. You don’t integrate them: you don’t transcend and include them; you transcend and repress them.

When you do that, you split off the mind from the body and from its material elements, and when you split off the mind from body and matter, you are creating repression. You’re repressing the lower levels. You’re not integrating them. Because of that, almost everybody develops some form of body-mind dissociation. That’s where you split the mind off from the body and its material components. That’s not good. When that happens, we generally form various types of depression because we’re not in touch with our body and matter, or we form some type of split or dissociation. We don’t differentiate and integrate: we differentiate and repress. That repression is an uncomfortable feeling or dissociation: almost everybody has some degree of repression or dissociation or splitting. That’s why the mind-body problem is called the most difficult problem in Western philosophy: what is the relation of this mind and body, especially if I’m split off into just my mind, and I’m repressing my body?

Smoley: In your discussion you’ve alluded more than once to Clare Graves’s Spiral Dynamics, which posits these levels of consciousness in terms of colors. If I remember correctly, beige is the lowest. Red is the next. Up and up and up, and turquoise, as you point out, is at the top as the most integral kind of consciousness.

One thing that intrigued me about in Spiral Dynamics is the speculation of a level beyond turquoise, which they call coral.

I’m curious to think what you associate with this level of coral—where you think it will go beyond turquoise.

Wilber: We’ve already talked about a higher stage containing a bigger perspective. For me, the turquoise is the eighth major stage of development, and the ninth major stage of development is the psychic stage. It’s added a greater perspective. And that means you have a larger identity, because as development goes through these eight major stages, each stage adds a larger self identity.

You start out identified just with the material aspects of your being. Within the first year or so you add a second stage or a second-person perspective; when you do that, you identify with all of your emotions and your feelings, and so on. In the third stage, you add a third-person perspective. You expand from identifying with your self and your feelings and emotions to identifying with the mind. Matter, body, mind, expand to the full ego self. So you’ve gotten bigger again.

Then, as you move beyond the ego, you start to move to the trans-ego stages, including the green, or multicultural, integral stage, and then from there you move to the interval stages: the paradigmatic and the cross-paradigmatic. Each of those involves getting a bigger self, a self that’s more inclusive, that can identify with larger perspectives. And each stage does just that.

What goes beyond the eighth stage, or the turquoise stage, is the first trans-integral stage. This is the stage that Beck and Cowan call coral (although they’re not very clear about what coral is).

For me, the next biggest self you can have once you’re identified with the full range of mental capacities is when you go beyond your identity with the self to an identity with the earth, which is what I mean by the word psychic. That actually includes a oneness with the lower levels of the entire universe.

Mystical experiences, for example, begin by identifying with all of the universe. And if they get bigger, they go into the stage that’s beyond the turquoise: identification with universal consciousness. This is a very real mystical experience. It’s often called cosmic consciousness, because it’s an identification with the entire cosmos

That’s what I believe is the next stage beyond turquoise. And remember, only 0.5 percent of the population reach turquoise. A tenth of the percentage of people that identify with the previous stage identify with the next stage. So the percent that reaches beyond turquoise is even less than 0.5 percent. One tenth of 0.5 percent is not very much, so there aren’t a lot of people having that type of cosmic consciousness experience, but the ones that do are all identified as mystics, and they tend to think of themselves in mystical terms.

Smoley: I’d like to ask you about psychology. A lot of what you say has been connected with a movement called transpersonal psychology, and you know many if not all of the leading figures in that movement. There was a time when when this movement seemed to be burgeoning, say with the emergence of Maslow’s humanistic psychology in the sixties, into the nineties, when psychiatrists started listening to Prozac and stopped listening to anything else.

Wilber: Right.

Smoley: Where would you say the state of transpersonal psychology is now? Where do its insight stand in regard to mainstream psychology? Because they would seem a lot more on the fringe now than they may have done fifty years ago.

Wilber: It’s often referred to as fourth force: the first force being psychoanalysis, the second force being behaviorism, the third force being humanistic, existential psychology, and the fourth force being transpersonal. You can notice that each one of those is going higher on the scale of consciousness. By the time we get to the fourth force, or the transpersonal, the name gives it away. It’s whatever stage is beyond the personal stages. In other words, what they’re really talking about when they talk about transpersonal psychology is states of consciousness that include cosmic consciousness and higher.

That’s what transpersonal means: beyond the personal stages of development comes this transpersonal, or cosmic consciousness, stage. It’s now become fairly well recognized, although it’s still the smallest of the four forces. But it’s real. It is dealing with the smallest percentage of the population, the percentage that has reached cosmic consciousness. And remember, that’s a tenth of 0.5 percent. That’s not a tremendous number.

 

CAPTION, ALTITUDES OF DEVELOPMENT:

This diagram relates the levels of Spiral Dynamics, as discussed in Don Edward Beck and Christopher C. Cowan’s book Spiral Dynamics: Mastering Leadership, Dynamics, and Change, to Ken Wilber’s level of development. In this interview, Wilber uses his own color terms for the different levels.


Winter 2026

VOLUME 114, NUMBER 1
CONTENTS

The Spectrum of Consciousness: An Interview with Ken Wilber
Richard Smoley

Artificial Intelligence in the Age of Aquarius
Ray Grasse

A Friend of the Mirror: AI as Guide and Mirror of the Self
Dominic Bucci

AI on Study, Meditation, and Service
Andrew Barker

Threads of Unity: Theosophy and the Science of Strings
Yajnavalka Banerjee

Geoffrey Hodson: Reminiscences
Nathaniel Altman

From the Editor's Desk

Members' Forum: Kurukshetra Now:
The Bhgavad Gita and the Battlte for the Human Spirit
Peggy Heubel

Viewpoint: Searching for Intelligent Life
Douglas Keene


From the Editor's Desk - Fall 2025

Printed in the   Fall 2025  issue of Quest magazine. 
Citation: Smoley, Richard   "From the  Editors Desk"   Quest 113:4, pg 2

Richard SmoleyThis is the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Theosophical Society, which took place in New York on November 17, 1875.

To commemorate this event, we have made this a 150th anniversary issue. It would be impossible to comb through all of the Theosophical publications from the whole of the Society’s history and select articles that would fit into a single issue of Quest. So we have decided to use this issue as a retrospective on Quest itself.

In the autumn of 1988, the TSA launched The Quest: A Quarterly Journal of Philosophy, Science, Religion, and the Arts, which was designed for sale to the general public. It did not entirely replace its predecessor, The American Theosophist, which continued as a bimonthly members-only journal. The American Theosophist was replaced by The Messenger in 1994. Edited by John Algeo, then president of the TSA, it was “a combination newsletter and study paper” that was sent to members of the Theosophical Society.

This practice—having dual publications, one magazine for widespread circulation and a members-only journal—continued until 1998. Up to that point, The Quest had accepted outside ads, but at that time it ceased to do so. The magazine was no longer available on the newsstands. Circulation was through subscriptions only: to members, who received it as part of their membership privileges, as well as to outside subscribers. This policy continues to this day, although the vast majority of recipients are now members. The Messenger continued as an occasional newsletter to serve housekeeping functions of the TSA, such as notifying members of elections and board resolutions.

In June 2008, I was brought on as executive editor of The Quest (I’m currently editor).  Some changes seemed to be in order. In the first place, the definite article in the title seemed superfluous; in the second place, the subtitle needed to reflect what the magazine had become. So the name was changed to Quest: Journal of the Theosophical Society in America. Then-president Betty Bland and I implemented these changes at the end of 2008.

In 2010, we were fortunate to engage the services of Drew Stevens as art director, and he has ably served in that capacity since. As you can see if you look through the issues from that time on, he updated the interior design as well as the logo. Up to this point, Quest had remained completely black-and-white. At Drew’s suggestion, we introduced limited color sections in 2010 to improve the magazine’s appearance and appeal.

The dual-publication policy started to seem increasingly pointless as time went on, so in 2018, we eliminated The Messenger entirely and incorporated its functions into Quest. (That’s why, for example, you see our annual report to members at the back of this issue.) We used the cost savings to make Quest entirely full-color. We believe that this has improved its look enormously. (Coincidentally, Nancy Grace came on as managing editor in spring 2018 and has been invaluable since.)

All-color issues serve another function: they open much wider vistas for incorporating art, which we have increasingly done in recent years. As you may have noticed, we give preference to artworks that either have sacred themes or are of Theosophical inspiration.

The latter choice gives us a wide latitude: the abstract art movement of the twentieth century was launched by a treatise called On the Spiritual in Art, written by the Russian artist Wassily Kandinsky in 1910. Kandinsky’s vision was inspired by images drawn from clairvoyant visions of C.W. Leadbeater and Annie Besant in their books Man Visible and Invisible and Thought-Forms. Kandinsky expounded the use of pure color and abstract shapes, rather than representational forms, to express and evoke deeper levels of feeling. So you could argue that all abstract art is ultimately inspired by Theosophy.

In the seventeen years I have been here, we have attempted to strike a sensitive balance between material that relates directly to the Theosophical tradition and subjects with a wider appeal. I believe that this approach has been successful. Of course final judgment lies with you.

I will remark on one change that I implemented when I started this job: I changed this column, “From the Editor’s Desk,” from a rehash of what readers were about to see in the issue into something closer to a conventional editorial, in which I’ve expressed my own perspectives. To me, it has always seemed ridiculous to have an introduction by the editor saying what was quite obvious from the table of contents, but that is what many if not most magazines do. I doubt that many readers of these magazines pay the slightest attention to those introductions.

In any event, the opinions on this page are very much my own. They are by no means to be confused with Quest’s editorial policy. The masthead of every issue says, “The Theosophical Society in America is not responsible for any statement in this magazine by anyone, unless contained in an official document of the Society. The opinions of all writers are their own.” That includes me.

For the reasons stated above, I will not go into details about the articles we have selected for this issue: they ought to speak for themselves. But I believe that they represent superior examples of what Quest has delivered in the nearly forty years of its existence.

Richard Smoley

           


A Nineteenth-Century State of Mind

Printed in the   Fall 2025  issue of Quest magazine. 
Citation: Keene, Douglas   "A Nineteenth-Century State of Mind"   Quest 113:4, pg 8-9

By Douglas Keene
National President 

Doug KeeneLet’s put away our cell phones, tablets, automobile keys, plane tickets, and other modern conveniences for the moment. We can wander back to the late nineteenth century. The year is 1875, only a decade after the end of the Civil War and Lincoln’s assassination. Current legislation includes the Civil Rights Act of 1875 (legislating equal access for all races to all public facilities), the Resumption Act of 1875 (restored the gold standard‒based currency), and the Page Act of 1875 (prohibiting entry of women and contract laborers from oriental countries). The Second Sioux War is raging, and Billy the Kid is at large. In New York City, the Art Students League and the Coaching Club (promoting the ability to drive a coach with four horses) have been founded.

During the 1870s, there was significant growth and transformation toward urbanization (the early days of the Gilded Age), and major construction projects were initiated, such as the Brooklyn Bridge. It was a time of expansion and optimism.

H.P. Blavatsky came to New York in the summer of 1873 (although this was not her first visit). She famously met Henry Steel Olcott during her visit to the Eddy farm in Vermont in 1874 to investigate spiritualistic apparitions. A description from a 1932 issue of The Theosophist reads: 

It was at Chittenden, Vermont, while he [Olcott] was on this assignment, that he met H.P. Blavatsky who had come there on instructions from her Master. Joining forces with her, from this point onward he worked to carry out the purposes of the Brotherhood of Adepts, especially those purposes related to the specific mission assigned to Mme. Blavatsky by her Master. “Bound together by the unbreakable ties of a common work—the Masters’ work—having mutual confidence and loyalty and one aim in view, we stand or fall together.”

In his book Old Diary Leaves, Olcott wrote down his first impressions of Mme. Blavatsky: 

I remember our first day’s acquaintance as if it were yesterday . . . It was a sunny day and even the gloomy old farm-house looked cheerful. It stands amidst a lovely landscape, in a valley bounded by grassy slopes that rise into the mountains covered to the very crest with leafy groves . . . She had arrived shortly before noon with a French Canadian lady, and they were at the table as we entered. My eye was first attracted by a scarlet Garibaldian shirt the former wore, as in vivid contrast to the dull colurs around . . . I went straight across and took a seat opposite her to indulge my favorite habit of character-study . . . Dinner over, the two went outside the house and Madame Blavatsky rolled herself a cigarette, for which I gave her a light as a pretext to enter into conversation. My remark having been made in French, we fell at once into talk in that language. 

In his book People from the Other World, Olcott adds:

I gradually discovered that this lady, whose brilliant accomplishments and eminent virtues of character, no less than her exalted social position, entitled her to the highest respect, is one of the most remarkable mediums in the world. At the same time, her mediumship is totally different from that of any other person I have ever met; for, instead of being controlled by spirits to do their will, it is she who seems to control them to do her bidding. Whatever may be the secret by which this power has been attained, I cannot say, but that she possesses it I have had too many proofs to permit me to doubt the fact.

Unfortunately, we do not have Blavatsky’s initial impressions of Olcott, and although she wrote to him frequently, the letters have been lost. Some of them are summarized by the colonel in his autobiographical publication Old Diary Leaves.

There was an instant connection between HPB and Olcott—friendship and a common spiritual interest. He described them as “chums.” Later, Mme. Blavatsky wrote: “I highly esteem Col. Olcott, as does everyone who knows him. He is a gentleman; but what is more in my eyes, he is an honest and true man, and unselfish Spiritualist, in the proper sense of that word.”

Throughout 1875, a number of meetings were held at which Olcott and other interested persons met to discuss a variety of spiritual topics. Blavatsky and William Q. Judge—who would become another cofounder of the Theosophical Society—did not attend regularly because of other obligations.

The Theosophy Wiki site (a valuable resource that I highly recommend) relates: 

On Tuesday, September 7, 1875, a meeting was organized at Mme. Blavatsky’s rooms to hear a lecture given by George H. Felt entitled “The Lost Canon of Proportion of the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans.” . . . During the discussion that followed the lecture, a suggestion was made that a Society be formed to pursue and promote such occult research.

On the next day another meeting took place with Mr. Felt lecturing again. The Society was more definitely organized and sixteen people handed in their names for that purpose. A committee of three was appointed to draft a Constitution and Bylaws.

On September 13, in a new meeting at the same address, Mr. Felt gave another lecture. At this time the name of “The Theosophical Society” was agreed upon.

According to Col. Olcott, the choice of the name of the newly formed Society was subject of discussion in the committee, and several options were suggested such as the Egyptological, the Hermetic, the Rosicrucian etc. However, none of them seemed the right one. “At last,” he recalls “in turning over the leaves of the Dictionary, one of us came across the word ‘Theosophy,’ whereupon, after discussion, we unanimously agreed that that was the best of all.” Olcott explained this name was appropriate because it expressed “the esoteric truth we wished to reach” and covered the ground of “methods of occult scientific research.

On November 17, 1875, the Theosophical Society was officially created. Sixteen or seventeen participants, from diverse professional and ethnic backgrounds, were in the initial group. In her Theosophical Glossary, under the entry “Theosophical Society, or Universal Brotherhood,” Mme. Blavatsky wrote:

Founded in 1875 at New York, by Colonel H.S. Olcott and H.P. Blavatsky, helped by W.Q. Judge and several others. Its avowed object was at first the scientific investigation of psychic or so-called “spiritualistic” phenomena, after which its three chief objects were declared, namely (1) Brotherhood of man, without distinction of race, colour, religion, or social position; (2) the serious study of the ancient world-religions for purposes of comparison and the selection therefrom of universal ethics; (3) the study and development of the latent divine powers in man. 

So began the “experiment” of our founders, encouraged by the Mahatmas to create an organization for exploring life’s deepest questions.

Our history is colorful, filled with alliances and separations, wonders and scandals, egotism and charity. Many descriptions exist, but at this time of our sesquicentennial anniversary, perhaps it is best to reflect on those days and years of our beginning, which were filled with optimism and potential.

The Society remains vibrant and diverse, spanning dozens of countries and creating a spiritual home for many. We might ask what the future holds. In The Key to Theosophy, HPB noted: 

Theosophy will ever exist throughout the infinitudes of the Future . . . [however] Its [the Theosophical Society’s] future will depend almost entirely upon the degree of selflessness, earnestness, devotion, and last, but not least, on the amount of knowledge and wisdom possessed by those members, on whom it will fall to carry on the work.

Can we continue to share the aliveness, the compassion, and the inclusivity that is so central to the movement known as Theosophy?  I believe we can look forward to many more such decades if we remain true to the mission of the Society.


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